Conductas y motivaciones sexuales en la adolescencia tardía del adolescente cuencano

Silvia Gabriela Guevara Castro, Elena Monserrath Jerves Hermida

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RESUMEN

La variedad y frecuencia de prácticas sexuales ocurridas previa o paralelamente al coito van precedidas de un motivo; el conocimiento de estas motivaciones durante la etapa de la adolescencia provee de herramientas para una educación sexual basada en evidencias. Objetivo. Visibilizar la variedad y frecuencia de prácticas y motivaciones sexuales durante la adolescencia. Método. El estudio se desarrolló con una muestra aleatoria de 2 051 adolescentes escolarizados (15 a 19 años) de la ciudad de Cuenca. La información fue recolectada a través de la aplicación de los cuestionarios de autoadministración Human Sexuality Questionnaire y una adaptación, y Sex Motives. El análisis tuvo un alcance descriptivo y correlacional. Resultados. La variedad de conductas sexuales en la población estudiada va disminuyendo a medida que aumenta el grado de intimidad sexual. Quienes nunca han besado, representan 17 % de hombres y 22 % de mujeres, mientras 49 % de hombres y 76 % de mujeres refieren no haber tenido coito vaginal. En cuanto a  diferenciación por sexo, los hombres manifiestan un porcentaje significativamente mayor a conductas sexuales frente a mujeres, siendo la excepción los besos sin lengua. Las motivaciones positivas tuvieron una correlación positiva moderada con respecto a la mayor parte de conductas sexuales. Conclusiones. A partir de un reconocimiento del comportamiento sexual como parte del desarrollo del adolescente, se evidencia que la presencia de prácticas sexuales en la adolescencia está correlacionada en distinto grado con las motivaciones sexuales, razón por la cual es necesario hacer un abordaje de todas las conductas sexuales del adolescente, así como sus motivaciones.

Palabras claves: conducta sexual, motivación sexual, adolescencia, Cuenca.

ABSTRACT

The variety and frequency of sexual practices that occurred prior to or in parallel with  intercourse are preceded by a motive; the knowledge of these motivations during adolescence provides tools for evidence-based sex education. Objective. Make visible the variety and frequency of sexual practices and motivations during adolescence. Method. The study was carried out with a random sample of 2 051 adolescents in school (15 to 19 years old) from the city of Cuenca. The information was collected through the application of the Human Sexuality Questionnaire self-administration questionnaires and an adaptation, and Sex Motives. The analysis had a descriptive and correlational scope. Results. The variety of sexual behaviors in the population studied decreases as the degree of sexual intimacy increases. Those who have never kissed represent 17% of men and 22% of women, while  49% of men and 76% of women report not have had vaginal intercourse. Regarding differentiation by sex, men show a significantly higher percentage of sexual behaviors compared to women, the exception being kisses without tongue. Positive motivations had a moderate positive correlation with most sexual behaviors. Conclusions. From recognition of sexual behavior as part of the adolescent's development, it is evident that the presence of sexual practices in adolescence is correlated to different degrees with sexual motivations, which is why it is necessary to make an approach to all sexual behaviors of the adolescent, as well as their motivations.

Keywords: sexual behavior, sexual motivation, adolescence, Cuenca.

Palabras clave

conducta sexual; motivación sexual; adolescencia

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